Grand Egyptian Museum Gallery 3 – Details of each artifacts with 4K Video & Stock Photos

Grand Egyptian Museum Gallery 3 – Details of each artifacts with 4K Video & Stock Photos.

the beginning of the Egyptian dynasties, the Old Kingdom, the First Intermediate Period…

Grand Egyptian Museum Gallery 3

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 dynasty 9-10 | wood, plaster, pigment | herakleoplis magna “ihnasya el-edina”

Offerings were painted inside Khety coffin to be with him forever.

These offerings included jars of oil at his head, a headrest, mirrors, jewellery, vessels, weapons, bags of natron salt and a pair and sandals.

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dynasty 5 | limestone, pigment | abuser

Statues were found in the hidden room “serdab” of the tomb complex of Princess Sheretnebty at abuser.

The represent the princess, her husband and other relatives who carried out priestly duties in pyramid temples at abuser and new sun temples at abu ghurab.

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dynasty 5 | papyrus, pigment | abuser

The temple was managed by 5 group of priests called phyle’s.

This papyrus records the members of 2 phyle’s receiving food and drinks, including daily rations of different types of meat.

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dynasty 5 | papyrus, pigment | abuser

Ritual objects inventories…

Objects and tools used during religious ceremonies in King Raneferef Temple needed to be counted and inspected regularly.

If some items were found damaged, they were repaired or replaced.

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dynasty 5 | papyrus, pigment | abuser

this papyrus mentions personal and work-related issues of Temple Employees.

It also records the monthly distribution of clothes and emmer wheat to priests and s donation of food from the Medium Pyramid of King Sneferu.

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dynasty 5 | papyrus, pigment | abuser

List of donated products…

In 17 days, king Raneferef temple received thousands of food, beer, bread, birds and bulls from the Main Temple of Path at Memphis and also from one of Raneferef funerary properties.

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dynasty 5 | papyrus, pigment | abuser

The largest fragment tells of the arrival of 24 rolls of cloth from a royal residence.

Some fragments mention storerooms for ointments, leather and products from the marshes.

Another fragment shows the Cartouche of King Neferikare.

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dynasty 5 | papyrus, pigment | abuser

List of Ritual Objects…

The first 2 items on this list of 206 cult objects are wooden statues of a heron-bird and hippopotamus used in rebirth rituals.

These are followed by 151 storage chests and other ritual tools.

206 dynasty 5 | papyrus, pigment | abuser

Beer and bread were distributed every other day to temple employees.

These included a palace inspector, a craftsman, a bleacher, a potter, a cook, a gardener, a cloth-keeper, a gatekeeper, a boatman and the palace physician.

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dynasty 5 | papyrus, pigment | abuser

King djedkare decrees…

King djedkare’s royal house name is followed by a command about priests who were allowed access to offerings brought to king Raneferef Pyramids complex.

These documents show that the distribution of offerings was controlled by the central administration.

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dynasty 6 | limestone | Saqqara

Offering table of Seni.

This large offering table with 8 sets of basins for liquids and bread was made for priest senedjem the younger “seni “, and 3 generations of his family including his mother, grand-parents and great-grand-parents.

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dynasty 6 | limestone | Saqqara

Western obelisk of Queen Inenek Inti.

Queen Inenek Inti received 2 of Obelisks from her husband King Pepy I.

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dynasty 6 | limestone | Saqqara

Queen Ankhesenpep II with goddesses…

Under the protection of falcons, Queen Ankhesenpep II offers ritual to the lion Bastet God.

Musical instruments in the shape of a crescent moon, along with Ankh amulets, a large necklace, and a basket.

Behind the goddess Bastet, the Goddess Hathor appears with cow horns surmounted by the sun disk, facing the queen Ankhesenpep II.

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 dynasty 3 – first intermediate period | Egyptian alabaster, diorite | giza, abuser, beit khallaf, dara

Stone vessels carved out of stone and their contents were luxury items reserved for the elite.

Some stone jars contained Sacred Oils needed for Burial Rituals.

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first intermediate period | pottery

Offering trays made from simple clay, offering trays were placed on top of the tomb shafts of poor burials to allow visitors to leave their offering.

Most showed tiny of bread and meat, and some shaped like walled courtyards and houses or shrines.

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dynasty 9-10 | limestone | herakleoplis magna

False door stela of Priest Khety.

The jars at the top of this stela contained 7 sacred oils needed to funerary rituals.

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first intermediate period | Limstone | Dendera

Stela of Priest Bebi followed by his wife and son, receiving a cow leg.

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dynasty 3 – first intermediate period | limestone

Stela of Priestess Meret.

Royal ornament and priestess of Hathor meret is shown receiving offerings, including a copper mirror and pottery jars.

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dynasty 6 – first intermediate period | limestone, Egyptian alabaster | Saqqara, dara

Meat and poultry models

In addition to real meat and duck, the royal family and high officials were sometimes buried with imperishable stone models.

They were carved and often painted to imitate actual food.

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dynasty 4-6 | limestone | giza

Box of stone models of food jars, bread loaves, cuts of meat and trussed ducks.

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dynasty 6 | copper | giza

Hundreds of copper models and objects were found next to a priest’s coffin.

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first intermediate period | limestone | Saqqara

Tomb chapel

A decorated lintel above the false door of the tomb of Overseer Khonsu at Saqqara.

Jobs: Overseer of officials, second only to the king.

The offering table included two basins and compartments for the seven sacred oils.

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dynasty 4 | limestone | Saqqara

Prince Rahotep “kings’ son of his body” and Nofret

Jobs: chief priest at the most important cult Centre at the great temple of Ra God at Heliopolis.

A relief depicts Prince Rahotep and his wife, in smaller stature, receiving offerings of cattle and other animals.

A scene shows six men carrying food offerings; the names of the servants are inscribed to ensure their continued service in the afterlife.

A scene depicts a group of men and women arriving from the villages, carrying bread on their heads.

Descendants show Prince Rahotep holding a staff and scepter, while his wife, in smaller stature, receives fish and birds from boats.

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 first intermediate period | limestone | Saqqara

Priest Sheduai’s offering table and false door stela were displayed inside an elaborate doorway decorated with figures of him and his family.

He was a priest who worked in the pyramid complex of king pepy II.

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dynasty 6 | wood | akhmim

Wadjet eyes at Priest Nerfertjentet coffin.

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dynasty 5 | limestone | giza

Sarcophagus of Priest Fefi.

Jobs: overseer of ka priests “revered before the god and the people”.

The sarcophagus’s decorations are inspired by the architecture of the royal palace.

The inscription on the sarcophagus reads: “The God Anubis offered a good burial and many sacrifices to the priest Fefi, ‘the king’s servant.'”

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old kingdom + first intermediate period | limestone, wood, diorite, faience, Egyptian alabaster | Saqqara, giza, Luxor, elephantine, gegelein

Headrest designed to support the neck during sleep.

Headrests were an essential part of burial equipment.

Some bear the names and titles of the deceased, like those of King’s Son Tetiankh and Priestess Meret.

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dynasty 4-5 | limestone, plaster | giza

Reserve heads

Some people were buried with heads carved with individual facial features.

Scholars call them reserve heads, because they might be magical replacement heads for the deceased dangerous journey through the underworld.

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dynasty 6 | linen fabric | Saqqara

Priest Mehi  funeral mask is made of linen.

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dynasty 6 | Egyptian alabaster, limestone | Saqqara

Funerary furniture of the Minister Kagemni.

Headrest, offering table, 4 Canopic Jars containing internal organs (liver, lungs, stomach, intestines).

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dynasty 5 | limestone | abuser

Carved out of a single block, this shrine “naos” contains the standing figure of an unnamed tomb owner.

It was placed in the courtyard of the family tomb to receive offerings.

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dynasty 6 + first intermediate period | limestone | Saqqara

The burial chamber of the Mayor Iaryt, was found at the bottom of a deep shaft.

It contained two false doors, wall decorations for food and drink, and a granary with Lotus-Shaped columns.

Positions: Seal-Bearer, King’s Confidant.

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dynasty 6 + first intermediate period | limestone | Saqqara

The burial chamber of Mayor Henu.

It contained two false doors, wall decorations, a granary, funerary furniture, jewelry, food, and drink.

Positions: Seal-Bearer, Overseer of the Palace, Overseer of the Garden.

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old kingdoms | limestone | Saqqara

False door to the tomb of the Priest Ipi.

Positions: Seal-Bearer, Chanting Priest, Overseer of the Great House.

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dynasty 6 | limestone | Dendera

False door to the tomb of the Supervisor Meni.

Functions: Supervisor of the sections allocated to the pyramid groups, supervisor of the farms in the Egyptian desert.

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dynasty 6 | plaster, mud | dahshur

Men offering bearers are brings jars of sacred oils used in funerary rituals.

7 sacred oils “mint oil, pine oil, cedar oil, olive oil, cedar oil”.

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dynasty 4-6 | limestone, Egyptian alabaster |abu sir, zawyet el-amwat, Saqqara, giza

Funeral tools “oils, tools, palettes” were used in funerary rituals to magically revive the dead in the afterlife by opening their mouth to let them breathe again.

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 dynasty 5-6 | limestone, wood | Saqqara, luxor

Wooden small figure of a woman is raising her hand in Prayer.

Supervisor Iykau is shown in a niche inscribed with offerings including sacred oils

Job: overseer of scribes.

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 Naqada III | Pottery | Tel al-Farkha

Decorated jar and bowl with a gazelle and an ostrich, filled with 63 models and small objects.

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Naqada III | ivory, faience | Tel al-Farkha

Figures of dogs, a lion, a scorpion, a goose and fish.

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Naqada III | ivory | Tel al-Farkha

Small figures of men, women and children, who worshipped gods at a shrine.

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Naqada III | ivory, copper, basalt, faience, agate, dioritr, Egyptian alabaster | Tel al-Farkha

Miniature models, vessels, boats and objects to use in the afterlife.

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Predynastic era | Pottery, human bones | adiama

A pottery jar containing the bones of a child in a squatting position. “There were special cemeteries for burying young children and infants.”

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Neolithic period | granite, diorite, sandstone, flint, horn, shell | gebel ramlah

Grave goods as palettes, jewellery and vessels.

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Naqada II | greywacke | Saqqara, gebel el tarif, tarkhan, nea el-deir, hierakonpoils

Functional and decorative palettes “fish, turtles, monkeys, birds” used for the grinding of pigments for face and body painting.

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Neolithic period, Naqada III + Naqada II | greywacke, ivory, pottery, ochre, faience, semi-precious stones | Helwan, nubia, badari, deir tasa, mustagidda, hierakonpoils

Grave goods to use for the afterlife.

Often buried in shallow oval pits, bodies were surrounded by Grave goods.

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Naqada III + Naqada II | pottery, diorite, granite, ivory, faience, Egyptian alabaster, limestone, semi-precious stones | adiama

Grave goods as jewelley, palettes and vessels buried with the dead, decorated with figures of animals.

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Naqada III | pottery | adiama

Pottery coffin.

Contain body lying on their left sides in crouched positions.

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dynasty 4 | limestone | dashour

The stela of Prince Netjeraperef, son of King Sneferu

Prince Netjeraperef Jobs as a judge, responsible for the Egyptian borders, and supervisor of expeditions to the Upper Egyptian provinces (5, 6, 7).

The stela was discovered in the pyramid complex of King Sneferu at Dahshur.